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苦しみ
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Seyyathāpi nāma suttaguḷe khitte nibbeṭhiyamānameva paleti; evameva bāle ca paṇḍite ca sandhāvitvā saṁsaritvā dukkhassantaṁ karissantī’ti. ‘natthi, mahārāja, hetu natthi paccayo sattānaṁ saṅkilesāya, ahetū apaccayā sattā saṅkilissanti. Natthi hetu, natthi paccayo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā, ahetū apaccayā sattā visujjhanti. Natthi attakāre, natthi parakāre, natthi purisakāre, natthi balaṁ, natthi vīriyaṁ, natthi purisathāmo, natthi purisaparakkamo. Sabbe sattā sabbe pāṇā sabbe bhūtā sabbe jīvā avasā ab
It’s like how, when you toss a ball of string, it rolls away unraveling. In the same way, after transmigrating the foolish and the astute will make an end of suffering.’ ‘Great king, there is no cause or reason for the corruption of sentient beings. Sentient beings are corrupted without cause or reason. There’s no cause or reason for the purification of sentient beings. Sentient beings are purified without cause or reason. One does not act of one’s own volition, one does not act of another’s vol
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Te aparena samayena ābādhikā honti dukkhitā bāḷhagilānā. 2.2. Coraupamā “Tena hi, rājañña, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṁ byākareyyāsi. ‘āgamentu tāva bhavanto coraghātā, amukasmiṁ me gāme vā nigame vā mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, yāvāhaṁ tesaṁ uddisitvā āgacchāmī’ti, udāhu vippalapantasseva coraghātā sīsaṁ chindeyyun”ti? Atha kho naṁ vippalapantasseva coraghātā sīsaṁ chindeyyun”ti. “So hi nāma, rājañña, coro manusso manussabhūtesu coraghātesu na labhissati: Kiṁ pana te mit
Some time later they become sick, suffering, gravely ill. 2.2. The Simile of the Bandit “Well then, chieftain, I’ll ask you about this in return, and you can answer as you like. ‘Please, good executioners! I have friends and colleagues, relatives and kin in such and such village or town. Wait until I’ve visited them, then I’ll come back’? Or would they just chop off his head as he prattled on?” “They’d just chop off his head.” “So even a human bandit couldn’t get his human executioners to stay h
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Te na iñjanti, na vipariṇamanti, na aññamaññaṁ byābādhenti, nālaṁ aññamaññassa sukhāya vā dukkhāya vā sukhadukkhāya vā. Katame satta? Pathavikāyo, āpokāyo, tejokāyo, vāyokāyo, sukhe, dukkhe, jīve sattame— ime satta kāyā akaṭā akaṭavidhā animmitā animmātā vañjhā kūṭaṭṭhā esikaṭṭhāyiṭṭhitā. Te na iñjanti, na vipariṇamanti, na aññamaññaṁ byābādhenti, nālaṁ aññamaññassa sukhāya vā dukkhāya vā sukhadukkhāya vā. Tattha natthi hantā vā ghātetā vā, sotā vā sāvetā vā, viññātā vā viññāpetā vā. Yopi tiṇhen
They don’t move or deteriorate or obstruct each other. They’re unable to cause pleasure, pain, or both pleasure and pain to each other. What seven? The substances of earth, water, fire, air; pleasure, pain, and the soul is the seventh. These seven substances are not made, not derived, not created, without a creator, barren, steady as a mountain peak, standing firm like a pillar. They don’t move or deteriorate or obstruct each other. They’re unable to cause pleasure, pain, or both pleasure and pa
苦しみ
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Mā vata no ahosi dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāyā’ti. Atha kho, bhaggava, sunakkhatto licchaviputto yenāhaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhaggava, sunakkhattaṁ licchaviputtaṁ etadavocaṁ: Mā vata no ahosi dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāyā”’ti. ‘Evaṁ, bhante. Kiṁ pana, bhante, bhagavā arahattassa maccharāyatī’ti? ‘Na kho ahaṁ, moghapurisa, arahattassa maccharāyāmi, api ca tuyhevetaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ, taṁ pajaha. Mā te ahosi dīgharat
I mustn’t create lasting harm and suffering for myself!’ Then Sunakkhatta came to me, bowed, and sat down to one side. I said to him, I mustn’t create lasting harm and suffering for myself!”’ ‘Yes, sir. But sir, are you jealous of perfected ones?’ ‘I’m not jealous of the perfected ones, you silly man. Rather, you should give up this harmful misconception that has arisen in you. Don’t create lasting harm and suffering for yourself! That naked ascetic Kaḷāramaṭṭaka, who you imagine to be a true ho
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Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti pāsādasahassāni dhammapāsādappamukhāni. Evaṁ vutte, ānanda, subhaddā devī parodi assūni pavattesi. Atha kho, ānanda, subhaddā devī assūni puñchitvā rājānaṁ mahāsudassanaṁ etadavoca: ‘Sabbeheva, deva, piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo aññathābhāvo, mā kho tvaṁ, deva, sāpekkho kālamakāsi, dukkhā sāpekkhassa kālaṅkiriyā, garahitā ca sāpekkhassa kālaṅkiriyā. Imāni te, deva, caturāsīti nagarasahassāni kusāvatīrājadhānippamukhāni. Ettha, deva, chandaṁ pajaha jīvite apekkha
And so on for all the king’s possessions. When the king had spoken, Queen Subhaddā cried and burst out in tears. Wiping away her tears, the queen said to the king: ‘Sire, we must be parted and separated from all we hold dear and beloved. Don’t pass away with concerns. Such concern is suffering, and it’s criticized. Sire, you have 84,000 cities, with the royal capital of Kusāvatī foremost. Give up desire for these! Take no interest in life!’ And she continued, listing all the king’s possessions.
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ehi tvaṁ, sunakkhatta, mamaṁ uddissa viharāhī’ti? ‘No hetaṁ, bhante’. ‘Tvaṁ vā pana maṁ evaṁ avaca— ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ uddissa viharissāmī’ti? ‘Na hi pana me, bhante, bhagavā uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ karotī’ti. Evaṁ sante, moghapurisa, ko santo kaṁ paccācikkhasi? Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, sunakkhatta, kate vā uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriye akate vā uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriye yassatthāya mayā dhammo desito so niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’ti? ‘Kate vā, bhante,
“Come, live dedicated to me”?’ ‘No, sir.’ ‘Or did you ever say to me: “Sir, I shall live dedicated to the Buddha”?’ ‘But sir, the Buddha never performs any superhuman demonstrations of psychic power for me.’ In that case, you futile man, who are you and what do you want to disavow? What do you think, Sunakkhatta? Whether or not there is a demonstration of psychic power, does my teaching lead someone who practices it to the goal of the complete ending of suffering?’ ‘It does, sir.’ ‘So it seems t
苦しみ
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Evaṁ sante, moghapurisa, ko santo kaṁ paccācikkhasi? Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, sunakkhatta, paññatte vā aggaññe, apaññatte vā aggaññe, yassatthāya mayā dhammo desito, so niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’ti? ‘Paññatte vā, bhante, aggaññe, apaññatte vā aggaññe, yassatthāya bhagavatā dhammo desito, so niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’ti. ‘Iti kira, sunakkhatta, paññatte vā aggaññe, apaññatte vā aggaññe, yassatthāya mayā dhammo desito, so niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Tatra, sunakkha
In that case, you futile man, who are you and what do you want to disavow? What do you think, Sunakkhatta? Whether or not the origin of the world is described, does my teaching lead someone who practices it to the goal of the complete ending of suffering?’ ‘It does, sir.’ ‘So it seems that whether or not the origin of the world is described, my teaching leads someone who practices it to the goal of the complete ending of suffering. In that case, what is the point of describing the origin of the
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Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, sukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā; dvīhi kammaṁ payojaye; Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī”ti. Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako. Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito; Sakkaccaṁ payirupāseyya,
One portion is to enjoy. one the same in both pleasure and pain, Two parts invest in work. And the fourth should be kept for times of trouble.” a friend of good counsel, and one of sympathy; an astute person understands these four friends for what they are and carefully looks after them,
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい
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‘Na kho ahaṁ, moghapurisa, arahattassa maccharāyāmi. Api ca tuyhevetaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ, taṁ pajaha. Mā te ahosi dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya. Yaṁ kho panetaṁ, sunakkhatta, maññasi acelaṁ korakkhattiyaṁ—sādhurūpo ayaṁ samaṇoti. So sattamaṁ divasaṁ alasakena kālaṁ karissati. Kālaṅkato ca kālakañcikā nāma asurā sabbanihīno asurakāyo, tatra upapajjissati. Atha khvāhaṁ, bhaggava, pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sunakkhattena licchaviputtena pacchāsamaṇena uttarakaṁ piṇḍāya pā
‘I’m not jealous of the perfected ones, you silly man. Rather, you should give up this harmful misconception that has arisen in you. Don’t create lasting harm and suffering for yourself! That naked ascetic the aristocrat of Kuru, who you imagine to be a holy man, will die of flatulence in seven days. And when he dies, he’ll be reborn in the very lowest rank of titans, named the Kālakañjas. Then I robed up in the morning and, taking my bowl and robe, entered Uttarakā for alms with Sunakkhatta the
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4.3.3.8. Āsavakkhayañāṇa So evaṁ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṁ khayañāṇāya cittaṁ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti. So idaṁ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ayaṁ dukkhasamudayoti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ayaṁ dukkhanirodhoti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti. Ime āsavāti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ayaṁ āsavasamudayoti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ayaṁ āsavanirodhoti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ayaṁ ā
4.3.3.8. Ending of Defilements When their mind has become immersed in samādhi like this—purified, bright, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable—they project it and extend it toward knowledge of the ending of defilements. They truly understand: ‘This is suffering’ … ‘This is the origin of suffering’ … ‘This is the cessation of suffering’ … ‘This is the practice that leads to the cessation of suffering’. They truly understand: ‘These are defilements’ … ‘This is
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい
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‘phasse kho sati vedanā hoti, phassapaccayā vedanā’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi: ‘kimhi nu kho sati phasso hoti, kiṁpaccayā phasso’ti? kudāssu nāma imassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṁ paññāyissati jarāmaraṇassā’ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa yoniso manasikārā ahu paññāya abhisamayo: ‘saḷāyatane kho sati phasso hoti, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa etadahosi: ‘kimhi nu kho sati saḷāyatanaṁ hoti, kiṁpaccayā saḷāya
‘When contact exists there’s feeling. Contact is a requirement for feeling.’ Then Vipassī thought, ‘When what exists is there contact? What is a requirement for contact?’ Oh, when will an escape be found from this suffering, from old age and death?’ Then, through rational application of mind, Vipassī penetrated with wisdom, ‘When the six sense fields exist there’s contact. The six sense fields are requirements for contact.’ Then Vipassī thought, ‘When what exists are there the six sense fields?
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Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyampissa aguttaṁ arakkhitaṁ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu, abhūtavacanañca tasmiṁ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṁ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.
Yourself, your partners and children, and your property are all left unguarded. You’re suspected of bad deeds. Untrue rumors spread about you. You’re at the forefront of many things that entail suffering. These are the six drawbacks of roaming the streets at night.
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sakyaputtassa sirīmato; Yo imaṁ dhammaṁ desesi, sabbadukkhāpanūdanaṁ. Ye cāpi nibbutā loke, yathābhūtaṁ vipassisuṁ; “Vipassissa ca namatthu, Te janā apisuṇātha, mahantā vītasāradā. Hitaṁ devamanussānaṁ, yaṁ namassanti gotamaṁ;
the glorious Sakyan! He taught this Dhamma that casts aside all suffering. Those in the world who are quenched, truly discerning, “Hail Vipassī, not backbiters; such people being great of heart and intrepid, revere that Gotama; he who is helpful to gods and humans,
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atha khvāhaṁ, bhikkhave, avihehi ca devehi atappehi ca devehi saddhiṁ yena sudassā devā tenupasaṅkamiṁ. Atha khvāhaṁ, bhikkhave, avihehi ca devehi atappehi ca devehi sudassehi ca devehi saddhiṁ yena sudassī devā tenupasaṅkamiṁ. Atha khvāhaṁ, bhikkhave, avihehi ca devehi atappehi ca devehi sudassehi ca devehi sudassīhi ca devehi saddhiṁ yena akaniṭṭhā devā tenupasaṅkamiṁ. Tasmiṁ, bhikkhave, devanikāye anekāni devatāsahassāni anekāni devatāsatasahassāni yenāhaṁ tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā maṁ
the gods fair to see … and the fair seeing gods. Then together with all these gods I went to see the gods of Akaniṭṭha, where we had a similar conversation. And that is how the Realized One is able to recollect the birth, names, clans, lifespan, chief disciples, and gatherings of disciples of the Buddhas of the past who have become fully quenched, cut off proliferation, cut off the course, finished off the cycle, and passed beyond all suffering. It is both because I have clearly comprehended the
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Tayo antā— sakkāyo anto, sakkāyasamudayo anto, sakkāyanirodho anto. Tisso vedanā— sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Tisso dukkhatā— dukkhadukkhatā, saṅkhāradukkhatā, vipariṇāmadukkhatā. Tayo rāsī— micchattaniyato rāsi, sammattaniyato rāsi, aniyato rāsi. Tīṇi kusalamūlāni— Tayo tamā—
<em>Three extremes:</em> substantial reality, the origin of substantial reality, and the cessation of substantial reality. <em>Three feelings:</em> pleasure, pain, and neutral. <em>Three forms of suffering:</em> the suffering inherent in painful feeling, the suffering inherent in conditions, and the suffering inherent in perishing. <em>Three heaps:</em> the heap of surety in the wrong way, the heap of surety in the right way, and the heap of lack of surety. <em>Three skillful roots:</em> <em>Thr
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‘vedanā me attā’ti. ‘Na heva kho me vedanā attā, appaṭisaṁvedano me attā’ti iti vā hi, ānanda, attānaṁ samanupassamāno samanupassati. ‘Na heva kho me vedanā attā, nopi appaṭisaṁvedano me attā, attā me vediyati, vedanādhammo hi me attā’ti iti vā hi, ānanda, attānaṁ samanupassamāno samanupassati. Tatrānanda, yo so evamāha: dukkhaṁyeva tasmiṁ samaye vedanaṁ vedeti. Yasmiṁ, ānanda, samaye adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti, neva tasmiṁ samaye sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti, na dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti; adukkhamasu
‘Feeling is my self.’ Or they regard it like this: ‘Feeling is definitely not my self. My self does not experience feeling.’ Or they regard it like this: ‘Feeling is definitely not my self. But it’s not that my self does not experience feeling. My self feels, for my self is liable to feel.’ Now, as to those who say: you only feel a painful feeling. At a time when you feel a neutral feeling, you don’t feel a pleasant or painful feeling; you only feel a neutral feeling. ‘Feeling is my self.’ You s
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sukhā vedanā dukkhā vedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Imāsaṁ kho tvaṁ tissannaṁ vedanānaṁ katamaṁ attato samanupassasī’ti? Yasmiṁ, ānanda, samaye sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti, neva tasmiṁ samaye dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti, na adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti; sukhaṁyeva tasmiṁ samaye vedanaṁ vedeti. Yasmiṁ, ānanda, samaye dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti, neva tasmiṁ samaye sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti, na adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti; Sukhāpi kho, ānanda, vedanā aniccā saṅkhatā paṭiccasamuppannā khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgad
pleasant, painful, and neutral. Which one of these do you regard as self?’ Ānanda, at a time when you feel a pleasant feeling, you don’t feel a painful or neutral feeling; you only feel a pleasant feeling. At a time when you feel a painful feeling, you don’t feel a pleasant or neutral feeling; Pleasant feelings, painful feelings, and neutral feelings are all impermanent, conditioned, dependently originated, liable to end, vanish, fade away, and cease. So those who say ‘feeling is my self’ regard
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Dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vediyamānassa ‘eso me attā’ti hoti. Tassāyeva dukkhāya vedanāya nirodhā ‘byagā me attā’ti hoti. Adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vediyamānassa ‘eso me attā’ti hoti. Tassāyeva adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya nirodhā ‘byagā me attā’ti hoti. Iti kho, ānanda, nāmarūpapaccayā viññāṇaṁ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ, nāmarūpapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṁ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sa
When feeling a painful feeling they think: ‘This is my self.’ When their painful feeling ceases they think: ‘My self has expired.’ When feeling a neutral feeling they think: ‘This is my self.’ When their neutral feeling ceases they think: ‘My self has expired.’ So: name and form are requirements for consciousness. Consciousness is a requirement for name and form. Name and form are requirements for contact. Contact is a requirement for feeling. Feeling is a requirement for craving. Craving is a r
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Ekakanipāta Paṭhamavagga Sabbapariññāsutta Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ: “Sabbaṁ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṁ aparijānaṁ tattha cittaṁ avirājayaṁ appajahaṁ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Sabbañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṁ parijānaṁ tattha cittaṁ virājayaṁ pajahaṁ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā”ti. Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati: “Yo sabbaṁ sabbato ñatvā, sabbatthesu na rajjati; Sa ve sabbapariññā so, sabbadukkhamupaccagā”ti. Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṁ.
The Book of the Ones Chapter One Complete Understanding of All This was said by the Buddha, the Perfected One: that is what I heard. “Mendicants, without directly knowing and completely understanding the all, without dispassion for it and giving it up, you can’t end suffering. By directly knowing and completely understanding the all, having dispassion for it and giving it up, you can end suffering.” That is what the Buddha said. On this it is said: “Those who know the all as all, are not attract
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Ekakanipāta Paṭhamavagga Dosapariññāsutta Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ: “Dosaṁ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṁ aparijānaṁ tattha cittaṁ avirājayaṁ appajahaṁ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Dosañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṁ parijānaṁ tattha cittaṁ virājayaṁ pajahaṁ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā”ti. Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati: “Yena dosena duṭṭhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṁ; Taṁ dosaṁ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino; Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṁ lokaṁ kudācanan”ti. Ayampi attho vutto
The Book of the Ones Chapter One Complete Understanding of Hate This was said by the Buddha, the Perfected One: that is what I heard. “Mendicants, without directly knowing and completely understanding hate, without dispassion for it and giving it up, you can’t end suffering. By directly knowing and completely understanding hate, having dispassion for it and giving it up, you can end suffering.” The Buddha spoke this matter. On this it is said: “When overcome by hate beings go to a bad place. Hav
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