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kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo. Tayo bhavā— kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo. Tisso esanā— kāmesanā, bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā. Tisso vidhā— seyyohamasmīti vidhā, sadisohamasmīti vidhā, hīnohamasmīti vidhā. lobho akusalamūlaṁ, doso akusalamūlaṁ, moho akusalamūlaṁ. Tayo addhā— atīto addhā, anāgato addhā, paccuppanno addhā.
sensuality, desire for continued existence, and ignorance. <em>Three realms of existence:</em> sensual, form, and formless. <em>Three searches:</em> for sensual pleasures, for continued existence, and for a spiritual path. <em>Three kinds of discrimination:</em> ‘I’m better’, ‘I’m equal’, and ‘I’m worse’. greed, hate, and delusion. <em>Three periods:</em> past, future, and present.
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atītaṁ vā addhānaṁ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, anāgataṁ vā addhānaṁ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, etarahi vā paccuppannaṁ addhānaṁ ārabbha kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Tīṇi tathāgatassa arakkheyyāni— parisuddhakāyasamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa kāyaduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya: ‘mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī’ti. Tayo kiñcanā— alobho kusalamūlaṁ, adoso kusalamūlaṁ, amoho kusalamūlaṁ. rāgo kiñcanaṁ, do
one is doubtful, uncertain, undecided, and lacking confidence about the past, future, and present. <em>Three things a Realized One need not hide:</em> The Realized One’s behavior by way of body, speech, and mind is pure. He has no misconduct in these three ways that need be hidden, thinking: ‘Don’t let others find this out about me!’ <em>Three possessions:</em> contentment, love, and understanding. greed, hate, and delusion. <em>Three fires:</em> greed, hate, and delusion. <em>Another three fire
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nesaṁ lomāpi iñjayuṁ. ‘Sabbe vijitasaṅgāmā, bhayātītā yasassino; Modanti saha bhūtehi, sāvakā te janesutā’”ti. vavatthitvāna cakkhumā; Tato āmantayī satthā, sāvake sāsane rate. ‘Mārasenā abhikkantā, te vijānātha bhikkhavo’;
and not a single hair was stirred! “All triumphant in battle, so fearless and glorious. They rejoice with all the spirits, the disciples renowned among men.” and distinguished by the Clear-eyed One. Thereupon the Teacher addressed the disciples who love the teaching: “Māra’s army has arrived; mendicants, you should be aware of them.”
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‘Devakāyā abhikkantā, te vijānātha bhikkhavo’; Te ca ātappamakaruṁ, sutvā buddhassa sāsanaṁ. yattha bhummā tadassitā; Ye sitā girigabbharaṁ, pahitattā samāhitā. Puthūsīhāva sallīnā, lomahaṁsābhisambhuno; Odātamanasā suddhā,
“The heavenly hosts have come forth; mendicants, you should be aware of them.” Those monks grew keen, hearing the Buddha’s instruction. Where the earth-gods dwell, there, in mountain caves, resolute and composed, dwell many like lonely lions, who have mastered their fears. Their minds are bright and pure,
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Yadā ca buddhamaddakkhiṁ, vicikicchāvitāraṇaṁ; Somhi vītabhayo ajja, sambuddhaṁ payirupāsiya. Taṇhāsallassa hantāraṁ, buddhaṁ appaṭipuggalaṁ; Ahaṁ vande mahāvīraṁ, buddhamādiccabandhunaṁ. Yaṁ karomasi brahmuno, Vicariṁ dīghamaddhānaṁ,
Now since I’ve seen the Buddha, who helps us overcome doubt, today, free of fear, I pay homage to the awakened one. Destroyer of the dart of craving, the Buddha is unrivaled. I bow to the great hero, the Buddha, Kinsman of the Sun. In the same way that Divinity ought be revered I wandered for such a long time,
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Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṁ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṁ bhavataṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ ajānataṁ apassataṁ vedayitaṁ taṇhāgatānaṁ paritassitavipphanditameva. Tatra, bhikkhave, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṁ sassataṁ ekaccaṁ asassataṁ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi, tadapi tesaṁ bhavataṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ ajānataṁ apassataṁ vedayitaṁ taṇhāgatānaṁ paritassitavipphanditameva. Tatra, bhikkhave, ye
Now, these things are only the feeling of those who do not know or see, the anxiety and evasiveness of those under the sway of craving. Namely, when those ascetics and brahmins assert that the self and the cosmos are eternal on four grounds … partially eternal on four grounds … finite or infinite on four grounds … or they resort to flip-flops on four grounds … or they assert that the self and the cosmos arose anomalously on two grounds … they theorize about the first beginning on these eighteen
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Abhikkama, mahārāja, abhikkama, mahārāja, ete maṇḍalamāḷe dīpā jhāyantī”ti. Atha kho rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa avidūre ambavanassa ahudeva bhayaṁ, ahu chambhitattaṁ, ahu lomahaṁso. Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhīto saṁviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto jīvakaṁ komārabhaccaṁ etadavoca: “kacci maṁ, samma jīvaka, na vañcesi? Kacci maṁ, samma jīvaka, na palambhesi? Kacci maṁ, samma jīvaka, na paccatthikānaṁ desi? Kathañhi nāma tāva mahato bhikkhusaṅghassa aḍḍhateḷasānaṁ bhikkh
Go forward, great king, go forward! Those are lamps shining in the pavilion.” But as he drew near the mango grove, the king became frightened, scared, his hair standing on end. He said to Jīvaka, “My dear Jīvaka, I hope you’re not deceiving me! I hope you’re not betraying me! I hope you’re not turning me over to my enemies! For how on earth can there be no sound of coughing or clearing throats or any noise in such a large Saṅgha of 1,250 mendicants?” “Do not fear, great king, do not fear! I am n
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
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11. Mittapatirūpaka “Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati; Bhayassa kiccaṁ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitt
11. Fake Friends “Householder’s son, you should recognize these four enemies disguised as friends: the taker, the talker, the flatterer, the spender. You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on four grounds. Your possessions end up theirs. Giving little, they expect a lot. They do their duty out of fear. They associate for their own advantage. You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on these four grounds. You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on four grounds.
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Dibbā dijā pakkhi visuddhacakkhū; Vehāyasā te vanamajjhapattā, Citrā supaṇṇā iti tesa nāmaṁ. Abhayaṁ tadā nāgarājānamāsi, Supaṇṇato khemamakāsi buddho; Saṇhāhi vācāhi upavhayantā, Nāgā supaṇṇā saraṇamakaṁsu buddhaṁ. vesālā sahatacchakā; Kambalassatarā āguṁ, pāyāgā saha ñātibhi.
Heavenly, twice-born birds with piercing vision— swoop down to the wood from the sky; their name is ‘Rainbow Phoenix’. But the dragon kings remained fearless, for the Buddha kept them safe from the phoenixes. Inviting each other with gentle words, the dragons and phoenixes <j>took the Buddha as refuge. and those from Vesālī with those from Takkasilā. The Kambalas and Assataras came and those from Payāga with their kin.
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Tumhe pana, mārisā, bhagavati brahmacariyaṁ caritvā hīnaṁ gandhabbakāyaṁ upapannā. Duddiṭṭharūpaṁ vata bho addasāma, ye mayaṁ addasāma sahadhammike hīnaṁ gandhabbakāyaṁ upapanne’ti. Tesaṁ, bhante, gopakena devaputtena paṭicoditānaṁ dve devā diṭṭheva dhamme satiṁ paṭilabhiṁsu kāyaṁ brahmapurohitaṁ, eko pana devo kāme ajjhāvasi. ‘yadā tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti. Taṁ me idaṁ, bhante, sakkhidiṭṭhaṁ yato tathāgato loke uppanno araha
But you, having led the spiritual life under the Buddha, were reborn in the inferior centaur realm. It is a sad sight indeed to see fellow practitioners reborn in the inferior centaur realm.’ When scolded by Gopaka, two of those gods regained their memory right away. They went to the host of the priests of Divinity, but one god remained attached to sensual pleasures. ‘When a Realized One arises in the world, perfected and fully awakened, the heavenly hosts swell, while the titan hosts dwindle.’
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
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Etadānuttariyaṁ, bhante, iddhividhāsu. Taṁ bhagavā asesamabhijānāti, taṁ bhagavato asesamabhijānato uttari abhiññeyyaṁ natthi, yadabhijānaṁ añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā bhagavatā bhiyyobhiññataro assa yadidaṁ iddhividhāsu. Dvemā, bhante, iddhividhāyo— atthi, bhante, iddhi sāsavā saupadhikā, ‘no ariyā’ti vuccati. Atthi, bhante, iddhi anāsavā anupadhikā ‘ariyā’ti vuccati. Katamā ca, bhante, iddhi sāsavā saupadhikā, ‘no ariyā’ti vuccati? idha, bhante, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya …pe… t
This is unsurpassable when it comes to psychic powers. The Buddha understands this without exception. There is nothing to be understood beyond this whereby another ascetic or brahmin might be superior in direct knowledge to the Buddha when it comes to psychic powers. There are these two kinds of psychic power. There are psychic powers that are accompanied by defilements and attachments, and are said to be ignoble. And there are psychic powers that are free of defilements and attachments, and are
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Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā sassataṁ attānañca lokañca paññapenti catūhi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sassatavādā sassataṁ attānañca lokañca paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṁ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā. Tayidaṁ, bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti: ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṅgahitā evaṁparāmaṭṭhā evaṅgatikā bhavanti evaṁabhisamparāyā’ti, tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṁ pajānāti; tañca pajānanaṁ na parāmasati, aparāma
These are the four grounds on which those ascetics and brahmins assert that the self and the cosmos are eternal. Any ascetics and brahmins who assert that the self and the cosmos are eternal do so on one or other of these four grounds. Outside of this there is none. The Realized One understands this: ‘If you hold on to and attach to these grounds for views it leads to such and such a destiny in the next life.’ He understands this, and what goes beyond this. And since he does not misapprehend tha
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Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ekaccasassatikā ekaccaasassatikā ekaccaṁ sassataṁ ekaccaṁ asassataṁ attānañca lokañca paññapenti, sabbe te imeheva catūhi vatthūhi, etesaṁ vā aññatarena; natthi ito bahiddhā. Tayidaṁ, bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti: ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṅgahitā evaṁparāmaṭṭhā evaṅgatikā bhavanti evaṁabhisamparāyā’ti. Tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṁ pajānāti, tañca pajānanaṁ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṁ samudayañ
Any ascetics and brahmins who assert that the self and the cosmos are partially eternal and partially not eternal do so on one or other of these four grounds. Outside of this there is none. The Realized One understands this: ‘If you hold on to and attach to these grounds for views it leads to such and such a destiny in the next life.’ He understands this, and what goes beyond this. And since he does not misapprehend that understanding, he has realized quenching within himself. Having truly under
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‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭhānā evaṅgahitā evaṁparāmaṭṭhā evaṅgatikā bhavanti evaṁabhisamparāyā’ti. Tañca tathāgato pajānāti, tato ca uttaritaraṁ pajānāti, tañca pajānanaṁ na parāmasati, aparāmasato cassa paccattaññeva nibbuti viditā. Vedanānaṁ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṁ viditvā anupādāvimutto, bhikkhave, tathāgato. Ime kho te, bhikkhave, dhammā gambhīrā duddasā duranubodhā santā paṇītā atakkāvacarā nipuṇā paṇḍitavedanīyā, ye tathāgato sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pav
‘If you hold on to and attach to these grounds for views it leads to such and such a destiny in the next life.’ He understands this, and what goes beyond this. And since he does not misapprehend that understanding, he has realized quenching within himself. Having truly understood the origin, disappearance, gratification, drawback, and escape from feelings, the Realized One is freed through not grasping. These are the principles—deep, hard to see, hard to understand, peaceful, sublime, beyond the
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pe… yehi tathāgatassa yathābhuccaṁ vaṇṇaṁ sammā vadamānā vadeyyuṁ. Imehi kho te, bhikkhave, samaṇabrāhmaṇā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantaṁ ārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi. Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā pubbantakappikā pubbantānudiṭṭhino pubbantamārabbha anekavihitāni adhimuttipadāni abhivadanti, sabbe te imeheva aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi, etesaṁ vā aññatarena, natthi ito bahiddhā. Tayidaṁ, bhikkhave, tathāgato pajānāti: ‘ime diṭṭhiṭṭh
The Realized One understands this … And those who genuinely praise the Realized One would rightly speak of these things. These are the eighteen grounds on which those ascetics and brahmins who theorize about the first beginning assert various hypotheses concerning the first beginning. Any ascetics and brahmins who theorize about the first beginning do so on one or other of these eighteen grounds. Outside of this there is none. The Realized One understands this: ‘If you hold on to and attach to t
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1. Nātikiyādibyākaraṇa Evaṁ me sutaṁ— ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā nātike viharati giñjakāvasathe. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā parito parito janapadesu paricārake abbhatīte kālaṅkate upapattīsu byākaroti kāsikosalesu vajjimallesu cetivaṁsesu kurupañcālesu majjhasūrasenesu: “asu amutra upapanno, asu amutra upapanno. Paropaññāsa nātikiyā paricārakā abbhatītā kālaṅkatā pañcannaṁ orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā. Sādhikā navuti nātikiyā paric
1. Declaring the Rebirths of People From Ñātika and Elsewhere So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying at Ñātika in the brick house. Now at that time the Buddha was explaining the rebirths of devotees all over the nations; the Kāsis and Kosalans, Vajjis and Mallas, Cetīs and Vacchas, Kurus and Pañcālas, Macchas and Sūrasenas: “This one was reborn here, while that one was reborn there. Over fifty devotees in Ñātika have passed away having ended the five lower fetters. They’ve been rebo
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Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassī kumāro bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ …pe… 12. Brahmayācanakathā Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa etadahosi: ‘yannūnāhaṁ dhammaṁ deseyyan’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa etadahosi: ‘adhigato kho myāyaṁ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacaro nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo. Ālayarāmā kho panāyaṁ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā. Ālayarāmāya kho pana pajāya ālayaratāya ālayasammuditāya duddasaṁ ida
Then, after many thousand years had passed, Prince Vipassī had his charioteer drive him to the park once more. 12. The Appeal of the Divinity Then it occurred to the Blessed One Vipassī, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha, ‘Why don’t I teach the Dhamma?’ Then he thought, ‘This principle I have discovered is deep, hard to see, hard to understand, peaceful, sublime, beyond the scope of logic, subtle, comprehensible to the astute. But people like clinging, they love it and enjoy it. It’s
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na sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti na ādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī. Evaṁ so tasmiṁ ṭhāne parisuddho hoti. Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, nigrodha, yadi evaṁ sante tapojigucchā parisuddhā vā hoti aparisuddhā vā”ti? “Addhā kho, bhante, evaṁ sante tapojigucchā parisuddhā hoti no aparisuddhā, aggappattā ca sārappattā cā”ti. “Na kho, nigrodha, ettāvatā tapojigucchā aggappattā ca hoti sārappattā ca; api ca kho papaṭikappattā hotī”ti. evaṁ so tasmiṁ ṭhāne parisuddho hoti. Puna caparaṁ, nigrodha, tapassī akkodhano hoti anupanā
they’re not attached to their own views, holding them tight, and refusing to let go. So they’re pure on that point. What do you think, Nigrodha? If this is so, is the fervent mortification in disgust of sin purified or not?” “Clearly, sir, it is purified. It has reached the peak and the pith.” “No, Nigrodha, at this point the fervent mortification in disgust of sin has not yet reached the peak and the pith. Rather, it has only reached the shoots.” So they’re pure on that point. Furthermore, a mo
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“Tasmātihānanda, eseva hetu etaṁ nidānaṁ esa samudayo esa paccayo macchariyassa, yadidaṁ pariggaho. ‘Ajjhosānaṁ paṭicca pariggaho’ti iti kho panetaṁ vuttaṁ, tadānanda, imināpetaṁ pariyāyena veditabbaṁ, yathā ajjhosānaṁ paṭicca pariggaho. Ajjhosānañca hi, ānanda, nābhavissa sabbena sabbaṁ sabbathā sabbaṁ kassaci kimhici, sabbaso ajjhosāne asati ajjhosānanirodhā api nu kho pariggaho paññāyethā”ti? “No hetaṁ, bhante”. “Tasmātihānanda, eseva hetu etaṁ nidānaṁ esa samudayo esa paccayo pariggahassa—ya
“That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of stinginess, namely ownership. ‘Attachment gives rise to ownership’—that’s what I said. And this is a way to understand how this is so. Suppose there were totally and utterly no attachment for anyone anywhere. When there’s no attachment at all, with the cessation of attachment, would ownership still be found?” “No, sir.” “That’s why this is the cause, source, origin, and reason of ownership, namely attachment. ‘Desire and lust gives ris
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Seyyathāpi nāma gokāṇā pariyantacārinī antamantāneva sevati. Assosi kho bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya sandhānassa gahapatissa nigrodhena paribbājakena saddhiṁ imaṁ kathāsallāpaṁ. Evaṁ vutte, te paribbājakā tuṇhī ahesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohitvā yena sumāgadhāya tīre moranivāpo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sumāgadhāya tīre moranivāpe abbhokāse caṅkami. Addasā kho nigrodho paribbājako bhagavantaṁ sumāgadhāya tīre moranivāpe abbhokāse caṅkamantaṁ. Di
He’s just like a one-eyed cow, circling around and lurking on the periphery. With clairaudience that is purified and superhuman, the Buddha heard this discussion between the householder Sandhāna and the wanderer Nigrodha. Then those wanderers fell silent. Then the Buddha descended from Vulture’s Peak Mountain and went to the peacocks’ feeding ground on the bank of the Sumāgadhā, where he walked mindfully in the open air. Nigrodha saw him, and hushed his own assembly: “Be quiet, good fellows, don
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