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智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Yassa pahiyyati tassa matakacīvaraṁ adhiṭṭhāti. Svādhiṭṭhitaṁ. 31. Aṭṭhacīvaramātikā Aṭṭhimā, bhikkhave, mātikā cīvarassa uppādāya— sīmāya deti, katikāya deti, bhikkhāpaññattiyā deti, saṅghassa deti, ubhatosaṅghassa deti, vassaṁvuṭṭhasaṅghassa deti, ādissa deti, puggalassa deti. Sīmāya deti— yāvatikā bhikkhū antosīmagatā tehi bhājetabbaṁ. Katikāya deti— sambahulā āvāsā samānalābhā honti ekasmiṁ āvāse dinne sabbattha dinnaṁ hoti. Bhikkhāpaññattiyā deti, yattha saṅghassa dhuvakārā kariyyanti, tattha deti.
But if he determines it as a robe inherited from the intended recipient, it’s properly determined.” 31. Eight key phrases on robe-cloth “Monks, there are these eight key phrases for the giving of robe-cloth: someone gives within a monastery zone; someone gives to a recipient who has made an agreement; someone gives where alms are prepared; someone gives to the Sangha; someone gives to both Sanghas; someone gives to a sangha that has completed the rainy-season residence; someone gives according to a specification; someone gives to an individual. Someone gives within a monastery zone: it should be distributed by the monks within that zone. Someone gives to a recipient who has made an agreement: when a number of monasteries have the same material support, then when it’s given in one monastery, it’s given to all. Someone gives where alms are prepared: someone gives where the Sangha is regularly working.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Eko buddhassa avaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, eko dhammassa avaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, eko saṅghassa avaṇṇaṁ bhāsati— Ākaṅkhamānachakkaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ. 1.4. Aṭṭhārasavatta Tajjanīyakammakatena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā sammā vattitabbaṁ. Tatrāyaṁ sammāvattanā— na upasampādetabbaṁ, na nissayo dātabbo, na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo, na bhikkhunovādakasammuti sāditabbā, sammatenapi bhikkhuniyo na ovaditabbā.
those who disparage the Buddha; those who disparage the Teaching; those who disparage the Sangha.” The group of six on wishing is finished. The eighteen kinds of conduct “A monk who’s had a legal procedure of condemnation done against himself should conduct himself properly. This is the proper conduct: He shouldn’t give the full ordination. He shouldn’t give formal support. He shouldn’t have a novice monk attend on him. He shouldn’t accept being appointed as an instructor of the nuns. Even if appointed, he shouldn’t instruct the nuns.
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa …pe… so dvīhatīhaṁ vasitvā sattāhakaraṇīyena pakkamati. So taṁ sattāhaṁ anto sannivattaṁ karoti. Tassa bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchimikā ca paññāyati, paṭissave ca anāpatti. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā vassāvāso paṭissuto hoti pacchimikāya. So taṁ āvāsaṁ gantvā uposathaṁ karoti, pāṭipade vihāraṁ upeti, senāsanaṁ paññapeti, pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpeti, pariveṇaṁ sammajjati. So sattāhaṁ anāgatāya komudiyā cātumāsiniyā sakaraṇīyo pakkamati. Āgaccheyya vā so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṁ āvāsaṁ na vā āgaccheyya, tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchimikā ca paññāyati, paṭissave ca anāpattī”ti. Vassūpanāyikakkhandhako tatiyo. Tassuddānaṁ
The second rains residence doesn’t count for that monk. And there’s an offense of wrong conduct for agreeing. … After staying there for two or three days, he leaves on seven-day business. And he returns within seven days. The second rains residence does count for that monk. And there’s no offense for agreeing. It may happen that a monk agrees to spend the second rains residence in a particular monastery. When he’s arrived at that monastery, he does the observance-day ceremony. On the following day, he enters and prepares the dwelling, sets out water for drinking and water for washing, and sweeps the yard. Seven days before Komudī, the fourth full-moon day of the rainy season, he leaves because of business. Whether he returns to that monastery or not, the second rains residence does count for that monk. And there’s no offense for agreeing.” The third chapter on entering the rainy-season residence is finished. This is the summary:
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Assosuṁ kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā— “bhagavā kira pāṭaligāmaṁ anuppatto”ti. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinne kho pāṭaligāmike upāsake bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi, samādapesi, samuttejesi, sampahaṁsesi. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṁsitā bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ— “adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā āvasathāgāraṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā yena āvasathāgāraṁ tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṁ āvasathāgāraṁ santharitvā, āsanāni paññapetvā, udakamaṇikaṁ patiṭṭhāpetvā, telapadīpaṁ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. “sabbasantharisanthataṁ, bhante, āvasathāgāraṁ. Yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṁ maññatī”ti.
When the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma heard that he had arrived, they went to see him, bowed, and sat down on one side. The Buddha instructed, inspired, and gladdened them with a teaching. They then said to the Buddha, “Sir, please visit our guesthouse together with the Sangha of monks.” The Buddha consented by remaining silent. Knowing that he had consented, they got up from their seats, bowed down, and circumambulated him with their right sides toward him. They then went to the guesthouse, spread mats on the floor, prepared seats, put out a large waterpot, and hung up an oil lamp, after which they returned to the Buddha, bowed, that everything was prepared, adding, “Sir, please come when you’re ready.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena tajjanīyakammaṁ kataṁ hoti sā āpatti na āpajjitabbā, aññā vā tādisikā, tato vā pāpiṭṭhatarā; kammaṁ na garahitabbaṁ, kammikā na garahitabbā. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposatho ṭhapetabbo, na pavāraṇā ṭhapetabbā, na savacanīyaṁ kātabbaṁ, na anuvādo paṭṭhapetabbo, na okāso kāretabbo,
He shouldn’t commit the same offense as the offense for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him. He shouldn’t commit an offense similar to the offense for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him. He shouldn’t commit an offense worse than the offense for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him. He shouldn’t criticize the procedure. He shouldn’t criticize those who did the procedure. He shouldn’t cancel the observance-day ceremony of a regular monk. He shouldn’t cancel the invitation ceremony of a regular monk. He shouldn’t direct a regular monk. He shouldn’t give instructions to a regular monk. He shouldn’t get permission from a regular monk to correct him.
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
‘ahaṁ, bhante, ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ pañcāhappaṭicchannaṁ …pe… sohaṁ mānattaṁ caranto antarā ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ appaṭicchannaṁ. Sohaṁ, bhante, saṅghaṁ antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya mūlāyapaṭikassanaṁ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbā. Tatiyampi yācitabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṁ udāyī bhikkhu …pe… mūlāyapaṭikassanaṁ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho udāyiṁ bhikkhuṁ antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya mūlāya paṭikasseyya.
‘Venerables, I had committed one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for five days. … While undertaking the trial period, I committed one unconcealed offense of intentional emission of semen. I ask the Sangha to send me back to the beginning for that offense.’ And he should ask a second and a third time. A competent and capable monk should then inform the Sangha: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. The monk Udāyī … is asking the Sangha to send him back to the beginning for that offense, committed while undertaking the trial period. If the Sangha is ready, it should send him back to the beginning.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
‘saratāyasmā evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā’ti. ‘na kho ahaṁ, āvuso, sarāmi evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā’ti. Tamenaṁ so nibbeṭhentaṁ ativeṭheti— ‘iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi, yadi sarasi evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā’ti. ‘na kho ahaṁ, āvuso, sarāmi evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā. Sarāmi ca kho ahaṁ, āvuso, evarūpiṁ appamattikaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā’ti. Tamenaṁ so nibbeṭhentaṁ ativeṭheti— ‘iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi, yadi sarasi evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā’ti. ‘imañhi nāmāhaṁ, āvuso, appamattikaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā apuṭṭho paṭijānissāmi. Kiṁ panāhaṁ evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā, puṭṭho na paṭijānissāmī’ti?
‘Venerable, do you remember committing such-and-such a heavy offense entailing expulsion or bordering on expulsion?’ ‘I don’t.’ As he tries to free himself, the accusing monk presses him further: ‘Come on, venerable, try again to remember whether you’ve committed such-and-such a heavy offense.’ ‘I don’t remember committing such an offense, but I do remember committing such-and-such a minor offense.’ As he tries to free himself, the accusing monk presses him further: ‘Come on, venerable, try harder to remember whether you’ve committed such-and-such a heavy offense.’ ‘I’ve admitted that I’ve committed this minor offense without being asked. So when asked about a heavy offense, why wouldn’t I admit it?’
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū— “gilānā mayamhā avuṭṭhāpanīyā”ti varaseyyāyo palibuddhenti. “Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānassa patirūpaṁ seyyaṁ dātun”ti. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū lesakappena senāsanaṁ paṭibāhanti. “Na, bhikkhave, lesakappena senāsanaṁ paṭibāhitabbaṁ. Yo paṭibāheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti. Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū aññataraṁ paccantimaṁ mahāvihāraṁ paṭisaṅkharonti— “idha mayaṁ vassaṁ vasissāmā”ti. Addasaṁsu kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū vihāraṁ paṭisaṅkharonte. “ime, āvuso, sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vihāraṁ paṭisaṅkharonti.
The monks from the group of six took possession of the best beds, saying, “We’re sick and no-one can make us get up.” “You should give suitable beds to those who are sick.” The monks from the group of six used a pretext to reserve resting places. “You shouldn’t use a pretext to reserve a resting place. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.” At that time the monks from the group of seventeen were repairing a large dwelling nearby, intending to stay there for the rainy season. The monks from the group of six saw this “These monks from the group of seventeen are repairing a dwelling.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Esā ñatti …pe… paṭikassito saṅghena udāyī bhikkhu antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya mūlāyapaṭikassanā. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmīti. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, chārattaṁ mānattaṁ dātabbaṁ— tena, bhikkhave, udāyinā bhikkhunā …pe… ‘ahaṁ, bhante, ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ pañcāhappaṭicchannaṁ …pe… sohaṁ mānattaṁ caranto antarā ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ appaṭicchannaṁ. Sohaṁ saṅghaṁ antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya mūlāyapaṭikassanaṁ yāciṁ. Sohaṁ, bhante, saṅghaṁ antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya chārattaṁ mānattaṁ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbaṁ.
This is the motion. … The Sangha has sent the monk Udāyī back to the beginning for one unconcealed offense of intentional emission of semen, committed while undertaking the trial period. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I’ll remember it thus.’ And he should be given the trial period of six days like this. The monk Udāyī should approach the Sangha, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, pay respect at the feet of the senior monks, squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, ‘Venerables, I had committed one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for five days. … While undertaking the trial period, I committed one unconcealed offense of intentional emission of semen. I asked the Sangha to send me back to the beginning for that offense, I now ask the Sangha for the trial period of six days for that offense.’ And he should ask a second
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
So evaṁ vadeti— ‘imañhi nāma tvaṁ, āvuso, appamattikaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā apuṭṭho na paṭijānissasi. Kiṁ pana tvaṁ evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitvā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā, apuṭṭho paṭijānissasi? Iṅghāyasmā sādhukameva jānāhi, yadi sarasi evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā’ti. ‘sarāmi kho ahaṁ, āvuso, evarūpiṁ garukaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjitā, pārājikaṁ vā pārājikasāmantaṁ vā. Davā me etaṁ vuttaṁ, ravā me etaṁ vuttaṁ— Tassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno tassapāpiyasikākammaṁ kātabbaṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbaṁ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.
The accusing monk says, ‘But you didn’t admit that you had committed this minor offense without being asked. So when asked about a heavy offense, why would you admit it? Come on, venerable, try harder to remember whether you’ve committed such-and-such a heavy offense.’ ‘I remember committing such-and-such a heavy offense entailing expulsion or bordering on expulsion. When I said that I didn’t remember, I spoke playfully, I spoke too fast.’ They should do a legal procedure of further penalty against that monk. And it should be done like this. A competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Atha kho saṅgho taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vinicchinitukāmo sannipati. Atha kho āyasmā revato saṅghaṁ ñāpesi— “Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho. Sace mayaṁ imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ idha vūpasamessāma, siyāpi mūlādāyakā bhikkhū punakammāya ukkoṭeyyuṁ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, yatthevimaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ samuppannaṁ, saṅgho tatthevimaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasameyyā”ti. Atha kho therā bhikkhū vesāliṁ agamaṁsu— taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vinicchinitukāmā. Tena kho pana samayena sabbakāmī nāma pathabyā saṅghatthero vīsavassasatiko upasampadāya, āyasmato ānandassa saddhivihāriko, vesāliyaṁ paṭivasati. Atha kho āyasmā revato āyasmantaṁ sambhūtaṁ sāṇavāsiṁ etadavoca— “ahaṁ, āvuso, yasmiṁ vihāre sabbakāmī thero viharati, taṁ vihāraṁ upagacchāmi.
The Sangha then gathered to make a decision on that legal issue. Revata informed the Sangha: “Please, I ask the Sangha to listen. If we were to resolve this legal issue here, it might be that the monks who started the ten practices would reopen it. If the Sangha is ready, the Sangha should resolve this legal issue in the place where it arose.” The senior monks then went to Vesālī to make a decision on that legal issue. At that time there was a monk called Sabbakāmī who had been ordained for one hundred and twenty years and was the most senior monk in the world. He had been a student of Venerable Ānanda and was now staying at Vesālī. Revata said to Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī, “I’ll be staying in Sabbakāmī’s dwelling.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Rañño bhagandalābādhaṁ, ālepena apākaḍḍhi; Mamañca itthāgārañca, buddhasaṅghaṁ cupaṭṭhahi. Rājagahako ca seṭṭhi, antagaṇṭhi tikicchitaṁ; Pajjotassa mahārogaṁ, ghatapānena nāsayi. Adhikārañca siveyyaṁ, abhisannaṁ sinehati;
The king’s hemorrhoids, Applied ointment; Attended on me and the harem, And the Buddha and the Sangha. And the merchant of Rājagaha, Treated the twisted gut; The great illness of Pajjota, He cured with a drink of ghee. And service, valuable cloth, Full of, he oiled;
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṁ. Upasampādeti, nissayaṁ deti, sāmaṇeraṁ upaṭṭhāpeti, bhikkhunovādakasammutiṁ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo ovadati— Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṁ. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena tajjanīyakammaṁ kataṁ hoti taṁ āpattiṁ āpajjati, aññaṁ vā tādisikaṁ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṁ; kammaṁ garahati, kammike garahati— Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ nappaṭippassambhetabbaṁ. Pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṁ ṭhapeti, pavāraṇaṁ ṭhapeti, savacanīyaṁ karoti, anuvādaṁ paṭṭhapeti, okāsaṁ kāreti, codeti, sāreti, bhikkhūhi sampayojeti— Nappaṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ. 1.6. Paṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasaka Pañcahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ.
When a monk has five qualities, a legal procedure of condemnation against him shouldn’t be lifted: he gives the full ordination; he gives formal support; he has a novice monk attend on him; he accepts being appointed as an instructor of the nuns; he instructs the nuns, whether appointed or not. When a monk has another five qualities, a procedure of condemnation against him shouldn’t be lifted: he commits the same offense for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him; he commits an offense similar to the one for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him; he commits an offense worse than the one for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him; he criticizes the procedure; he criticizes those who did the procedure. When a monk has eight qualities, a procedure of condemnation against him shouldn’t be lifted: he cancels the observance-day ceremony of a regular monk; he cancels the invitation ceremony of a regular monk; he directs a regular monk; he gives instructions to a regular monk; he gets permission from a regular monk to correct him; he accuses a regular monk of an offense; he reminds a regular monk of an offense; he associates inappropriately with other monks.” The group of eighteen on not to be lifted is finished. The group of eighteen on to be lifted “When a monk has five qualities, a legal procedure of condemnation against him should be lifted:
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Tatiyampi yācitabbaṁ. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṁ udāyī bhikkhu …pe… chārattaṁ mānattaṁ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho udāyissa bhikkhuno antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya chārattaṁ mānattaṁ dadeyya. Esā ñatti …pe… Dinnaṁ saṅghena udāyissa bhikkhuno antarā ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā appaṭicchannāya chārattaṁ mānattaṁ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti. 1.11. Abbhānārahamūlāyapaṭikassanā
and a third time. A competent and capable monk should then inform the Sangha: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. The monk Udāyī … is asking the Sangha for the trial period of six days for that offense, committed while undertaking the trial period. If the Sangha is ready, it should give him that trial period. This is the motion. … The Sangha has given the monk Udāyī the trial period of six days for one unconcealed offense of intentional emission of semen, committed while undertaking the trial period. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I’ll remember it thus.’” Sending back to the beginning of those deserving rehabilitation
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Ayaṁ itthannāmo bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe garukāya āpattiyā anuyuñjiyamāno avajānitvā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā avajānāti, aññenāññaṁ paṭicarati, sampajānamusā bhāsati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno tassapāpiyasikākammaṁ kareyya. Esā ñatti. Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Ayaṁ itthannāmo bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe garukāya āpattiyā anuyuñjiyamāno avajānitvā paṭijānāti, paṭijānitvā avajānāti, aññenāññaṁ paṭicarati, sampajānamusā bhāsati. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno tassapāpiyasikākammaṁ karoti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno tassapāpiyasikākammassa karaṇaṁ, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe….
The monk so-and-so, while being examined in the midst of the Sangha about a heavy offense, asserts things after denying them, denies things after asserting them, evades the issue, and lies. If the Sangha is ready, it should do a legal procedure of further penalty against monk so-and-so. This is the motion. Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. The monk so-and-so, while being examined in the midst of the Sangha about a heavy offense, asserts things after denying them, denies things after asserting them, evades the issue, and lies. The Sangha does a legal procedure of further penalty against monk so-and-so. Any monk who approves of doing a legal procedure of further penalty against monk so-and-so should remain silent. Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up. For the second time, I speak on this matter. … For the third time, I speak on this matter. …
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṁ. Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṁ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṁ. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṁ antevāsikesu vattaṁ yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabban”ti. Vattakkhandhako aṭṭhamo. Imamhi khandhake vatthū ekūnavīsati, vattā cuddasa. Tassuddānaṁ Saupāhanā chattā ca, oguṇṭhi sīsaṁ pānīyaṁ; Nābhivāde na pucchanti, ahi ujjhanti pesalā. Omuñci chattaṁ khandhe ca,
and shouldn’t go away while it’s still dripping. If his pupil is sick, he should nurse him for as long as he lives or wait until he has recovered. This is the proper conduct of a teacher toward his pupil.” The eighth chapter on proper conduct is finished. In this chapter there are nineteen topics and fourteen kinds of proper conduct. This is the summary: “With sandals, and sunshades, Covered, head, drinking water; Would not bow down, they did not ask, Snake, the good monks complained. Removed, sunshade, and on the shoulder,
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmikesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṁ pāvisi. 15. Sunidhavassakāravatthu Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpenti vajjīnaṁ paṭibāhāya. Addasā kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṁ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṁ tattha rājūnaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṁ tattha rājūnaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṁ tattha rājūnaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi— “ke nu kho te, ānanda, pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpentī”ti? “Sunidhavassakārā, bhante, magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpenti vajjīnaṁ paṭibāhāyā”ti.
Soon after the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma had left, the Buddha entered an empty cubicle. 15. Sunidha and Vassakāra At that time Sunidha and Vassakāra, the government officials of Magadha, were building a fortress at Pāṭaligāma to defend against the Vajjians. The Buddha got up early in the morning and, with his superhuman and purified clairvoyance, he saw a number of gods taking possession of sites around Pāṭaligāma. And wherever powerful gods took possession of a site was where powerful kings and government officials tended to build their houses. Wherever gods of middle standing took possession of a site was where the kings and government officials of middle standing tended to build their houses. Wherever the lower ranked gods took possession of a site was where the lower ranked kings and government officials tended to build their houses. The Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda, “Who’s building a fortress in Pāṭaligāma?” “Sunidha and Vassakāra, sir.”
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Na upasampādeti, na nissayaṁ deti, na sāmaṇeraṁ upaṭṭhāpeti, na bhikkhunovādakasammutiṁ sādiyati, sammatopi bhikkhuniyo na ovadati— Aparehipi, bhikkhave, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ. Yāya āpattiyā saṅghena tajjanīyakammaṁ kataṁ hoti taṁ āpattiṁ na āpajjati, aññaṁ vā tādisikaṁ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṁ; kammaṁ na garahati, kammike na garahati— Aṭṭhahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno tajjanīyakammaṁ paṭippassambhetabbaṁ. Na pakatattassa bhikkhuno uposathaṁ ṭhapeti, na pavāraṇaṁ ṭhapeti, na savacanīyaṁ karoti, na anuvādaṁ paṭṭhapeti, na okāsaṁ kāreti, na codeti, na sāreti, na bhikkhūhi sampayojeti— Paṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, paṭippassambhetabbaṁ. Tehi, bhikkhave, paṇḍukalohitakehi bhikkhūhi saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo— ‘mayaṁ, bhante, saṅghena tajjanīyakammakatā sammā vattāma, lomaṁ pātema, netthāraṁ vattāma, tajjanīyassa kammassa paṭippassaddhiṁ yācāmā’ti.
he doesn’t give the full ordination; he doesn’t give formal support; he doesn’t have a novice monk attend on him; he doesn’t accept being appointed as an instructor of the nuns; he doesn’t instruct the nuns, whether appointed or not. When a monk has another five qualities, a procedure of condemnation against him should be lifted: he doesn’t commit the same offense for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him; he doesn’t commit an offense similar to the one for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him; he doesn’t commit an offense worse than the one for which the Sangha did the procedure of condemnation against him; he doesn’t criticize the procedure; he doesn’t criticize those who did the procedure. When a monk has eight qualities, a procedure of condemnation against him should be lifted: he doesn’t cancel the observance-day ceremony of a regular monk; he doesn’t cancel the invitation ceremony of a regular monk; he doesn’t direct a regular monk; he doesn’t give instructions to a regular monk; he doesn’t get permission from a regular monk to correct him; he doesn’t accuse a regular monk of an offense; he doesn’t remind a regular monk of an offense; he doesn’t associate inappropriately with other monks.” The group of eighteen on to be lifted is finished. “And this is how it should be lifted. After approaching the Sangha, the monks Paṇḍuka and Lohitaka should arrange their upper robes over one shoulder, pay respect at the feet of the senior monks, squat on their heels, raise their joined palms, and say, ‘Venerables, the Sangha has done a legal procedure of condemnation against us. We’re now conducting ourselves properly and suitably, and deserve to be released. We ask for that legal procedure to be lifted.’
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Kataṁ saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno tassapāpiyasikākammaṁ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’ti. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasantaṁ. Sammukhāvinayena ca, tassapāpiyasikāya ca. Kiñca tattha sammukhāvinayasmiṁ? Saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā …pe… kā ca tattha tassapāpiyasikāya? Yā tassapāpiyasikākammassa kiriyā karaṇaṁ upagamanaṁ ajjhupagamanaṁ adhivāsanā appaṭikkosanā— Evaṁ vūpasantañce, bhikkhave, adhikaraṇaṁ kārako ukkoṭeti, ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ; chandadāyako khīyati, khīyanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
The Sangha has done a legal procedure of further penalty against monk so-and-so. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I’ll remember it thus.’ This is called the resolution of a legal issue. It’s been resolved face-to-face and by further penalty. Face-to-face with what? Face-to-face with the Sangha, the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the persons concerned. This is the meaning of face-to-face with the Sangha: the monks who should be present have arrived, consent has been brought for those who are eligible to give their consent, and no-one present objects to the decision. This is the meaning of face-to-face with the Teaching and the Monastic Law: the Teaching, the Monastic Law, the Teacher’s instruction—that by which that legal issue is resolved. This is the meaning of face-to-face with the persons concerned: both those who are accusing and those who have been accused are present. This is the meaning of ‘by further penalty’: the doing of, the performing of, the participation in, the consent to, the agreement to, the non-objection to that legal procedure of further penalty. When a legal issue has been resolved like this, if any of the participants reopen it, they incur an offense entailing confession for the reopening. If anyone who gave their consent criticizes the resolution, they incur an offense entailing confession.”
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈
智慧
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
atarañca paṭikkamaṁ; Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipā, patirūpañca pucchitā. Āsiñceyya dhovitena, sukkhenallenupāhanā; Vuḍḍho navako puccheyya, ajjhāvuṭṭhañca gocarā. Sekkhā vaccā pānī pari, kattaraṁ katikaṁ tato; Kālaṁ muhuttaṁ uklāpo,
Without hurry, gather; Put down bowl and robe, And suitable, asked. Should pour, with washed, With dry, with wet, sandals; Senior, junior, should ask, And occupied, where to go for alms. Training, excrement, drinking water, washing water, Walking stick, then agreement; The right time, moment, dirty,
経典データの出典: SuttaCentral(CC0ライセンス)