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老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo. Sace saddhivihāriko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. Sace saddhivihāriko jantāgharaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ datvā cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ, cuṇṇaṁ dātabbaṁ, mattikā dātabbā.
The preceptor should put away the robe and bowl. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. When the student has gotten up, the preceptor should put away the seat and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it.” “If the student wants to bathe, the preceptor should prepare a bath. If he wants a cold bath, he should prepare that; if he wants a hot bath, he should prepare that. If the student wants to take a sauna, the preceptor should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, take a sauna bench, and go to the sauna. After giving his student the sauna bench, receiving his robe, and putting it aside, he should give him the bath powder and the clay.
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“Ayaṁ, āvuso, sabbo vihāro ahinā puṇṇo, vātapānehi bhogā nikkhantā”ti. Atha kho so nāgo tena saddena paṭibujjhitvā sake āsane nisīdi. Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu— “Ahaṁ, bhante, nāgo”ti. “Kissa pana tvaṁ, āvuso, evarūpaṁ akāsī”ti? Atha kho so nāgo bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā taṁ nāgaṁ etadavoca— “tumhe khottha nāgā aviruḷhidhammā imasmiṁ dhammavinaye. Gaccha tvaṁ, nāga, tattheva cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa uposathaṁ upavasa, evaṁ tvaṁ nāgayoniyā ca parimuccissasi, khippañca manussattaṁ paṭilabhissasī”ti.
And he told them what had seen. The dragon woke up from the noise and sat down on his seat. The monks asked him He replied, “I’m a dragon.” “Why did you do this?” The dragon told them what had happened, and they told the Buddha. He then had the Sangha of monks gathered and said to the dragon, “Dragons are unable to make progress on this spiritual path. Go, dragon, and keep the observance days of the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the eighth of the lunar half-month. In this way you’ll be released from existence as a dragon and quickly become human.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Kathaṁ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabban”ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho udāyissa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṁ detu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbo— Tena, bhikkhave, udāyinā bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo— ‘ahaṁ, bhante, ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ ekāhappaṭicchannaṁ. Sohaṁ, bhante, saṅghaṁ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṁ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbo. Tatiyampi yācitabbo. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—
adding, “What should I do now?” They told the Buddha. “Well then, the Sangha should give the monk Udāyī probation for one day for one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. And it should be given like this. The monk Udāyī should approach the Sangha, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, pay respect at the feet of the senior monks, squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say: ‘Venerables, I’ve committed one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. I ask the Sangha for probation for one day for that offense.’ And he should ask a second and a third time. A competent and capable monk should then inform the Sangha:
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“dehi me, ayyaputta, uyyānaṁ ārāmaṁ kātun”ti. “Adeyyo, gahapati, ārāmo api koṭisantharenā”ti. “Gahito, ayyaputta, ārāmo”ti. “Na, gahapati, gahito ārāmo”ti. “Gahito na gahito”ti vohārike mahāmatte pucchiṁsu. “yato tayā, ayyaputta, aggho kato, gahito ārāmo”ti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati sakaṭehi hiraññaṁ nibbāhāpetvā jetavanaṁ koṭisantharaṁ santharāpesi. Sakiṁ nīhaṭaṁ hiraññaṁ thokassa okāsassa koṭṭhakasāmantā nappahoti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati manusse āṇāpesi— “gacchatha, bhaṇe, hiraññaṁ āharatha;
“Sir, please give me your park to set up a monastery.” “I wouldn’t give it away even if you covered the park with ten million gold coins.” “It’s a deal!” “No it isn’t!” They then asked judges to decide on the matter. “Sir, since you gave a price, the park is sold.” Anāthapiṇḍika then had gold coins brought out in carts and covered the Jeta Grove with ten million coins. After yet another load had been brought out, there was still a small area near the gatehouse that was not covered. Anāthapiṇḍika told his people, “Go and get more coins.
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Sace ussahati jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ, na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare saddhivihārikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ. Udakepi saddhivihārikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṁ uttaritvā attano gattaṁ vodakaṁ katvā nivāsetvā saddhivihārikassa gattato udakaṁ pamajjitabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo. Yasmiṁ vihāre saddhivihāriko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ …pe…
If he’s able, he should enter the sauna. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, or block the junior monks from getting a seat. While in the sauna, he should provide assistance to his student. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. The preceptor should also provide assistance to his student in the water. When the preceptor has bathed, he should be the first to come out. He should dry himself and put on his sarong. He should then wipe the water off his student’s body, and he should give him his sarong and then his upper robe. Taking the sauna bench, he should be the first to return. He should prepare a seat, and also set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should ask his student if he wants water to drink.” “If the dwelling where the student is staying is dirty, the preceptor should clean it if he’s able. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, trying to avoid stirring up dust. He should look out for any trash and discard it.
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈,初学者には難しい
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Theravāda Vinayapiṭaka Cūḷavagga 22. Sattasatikakkhandhaka Tena kho pana samayena vassasataparinibbute bhagavati vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṁ dasa vatthūni dīpenti— kappati siṅgiloṇakappo, kappati dvaṅgulakappo, kappati gāmantarakappo, kappati āvāsakappo, kappati anumatikappo, kappati āciṇṇakappo, kappati amathitakappo, kappati jaḷogiṁ pātuṁ, kappati adasakaṁ nisīdanaṁ, kappati jātarūparajatanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vajjīsu cārikaṁ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ. Tena kho pana samayena vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tadahuposathe kaṁsapātiṁ udakena pūretvā majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa ṭhapetvā āgatāgate vesālike upāsake evaṁ vadanti— “dethāvuso, saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi. Bhavissati saṅghassa parikkhārena karaṇīyan”ti.
Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law The Small Division The chapter on the group of seven hundred One hundred years after the Buddha had attained final extinguishment, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī proclaimed ten practices as allowable: the salt-in-horn practice; the two-fingerbreadths practice; the next-village practice; the many-monasteries practice; the consent practice; customary practices; the unchurned practice; palm-juice drinking; sitting mats without borders; and gold, silver, and money. At that time Venerable Yasa of Kākaṇḍa was wandering in the Vajjian country, when he arrived at Vesālī. There he stayed in the hall with the peaked roof in the Great Wood. Soon afterwards, on the observance day, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī filled a bronze bowl with water and placed it in the midst of the Sangha of monks. Whenever a lay follower of Vesālī came, they said, “Please give a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> coin to the Sangha, or half a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāda</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i>. The Sangha needs requisites.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
imaṁ okāsaṁ santharissāmā”ti. Atha kho jetassa kumārassa etadahosi— “na kho idaṁ orakaṁ bhavissati, yathāyaṁ gahapati tāva bahuṁ hiraññaṁ pariccajatī”ti. Anāthapiṇḍikaṁ gahapatiṁ etadavoca— “alaṁ, gahapati; mā taṁ okāsaṁ santharāpesi. Dehi me etaṁ okāsaṁ. Mametaṁ dānaṁ bhavissatī”ti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati— ayaṁ kho jeto kumāro abhiññāto ñātamanusso;
We’ll cover this area too.” But Prince Jeta thought, “This must be really worthwhile, as he’s giving up so much money.” And he said to Anāthapiṇḍika, “That’s enough, householder, don’t cover that area. Let me keep it. It will be my gift.” Anāthapiṇḍika thought, “Prince Jeta is a well-known person.
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesālike upāsake etadavoca— “māvuso, adattha saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi. Na kappati samaṇānaṁ sakyaputtiyānaṁ jātarūparajataṁ; na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṁ; na paṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṁ; nikkhittamaṇisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā”ti. Evampi kho vesālikā upāsakā āyasmatā yasena kākaṇḍakaputtena vuccamānā adaṁsuyeva saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi. Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tassā rattiyā accayena taṁ hiraññaṁ bhikkhaggena paṭivīsaṁ ṭhapetvā bhājesuṁ. Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ yasaṁ kākaṇḍakaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ— “eso te, āvuso yasa, hiraññassa paṭivīso”ti.
But Yasa said to the lay followers, “Don’t give a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> to the Sangha, or half a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāda</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i>. Gold, silver, and money aren’t allowable for the Sakyan monastics. They neither accept nor receive gold, silver, or money. The Sakyan monastics have given up gems and gold, and live without gold, silver, and money.” But although Yasa said this, the lay followers continued to give money to the Sangha. The next morning the Vajjian monks distributed the money evenly. And they said to Yasa, “Here’s your share, Yasa.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe…. Dinno saṅghena udāyissa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāso. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti. 1.4. Ekāhappaṭicchannamānatta So parivutthaparivāso bhikkhūnaṁ ārocesi— “ahaṁ, āvuso, ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ ekāhappaṭicchannaṁ. Sohaṁ saṅghaṁ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṁ yāciṁ. Sohaṁ parivutthaparivāso.
Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up. For the second time, I speak on this matter. … For the third time, I speak on this matter. … The Sangha has given the monk Udāyī probation for one day for one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I’ll remember it thus.’” Trial periods for those with offenses concealed for one day When he had completed that probation, he told the monks, “I had committed one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. I asked the Sangha to give me probation for one day for that offense, I’ve now completed it.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
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