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経典: vinaya
✕ クリア
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Pattacīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. Pattaṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṁ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṁ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṁ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṁ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṁsaṁ vā cīvararajjuṁ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṁ orato bhogaṁ katvā cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṁ uddharitabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmetabbaṁ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo. Sace saddhivihāriko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṁ paṭiyādetabbaṁ. Sace saddhivihāriko jantāgharaṁ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṁ sannetabbaṁ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṁ datvā cīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ, cuṇṇaṁ dātabbaṁ, mattikā dātabbā.
The preceptor should put away the robe and bowl. When putting away the bowl, he should hold the bowl in one hand, feel under the bed or the bench with the other, and then put it away. He shouldn’t put the bowl away on the bare floor. When putting away the robe, he should hold the robe in one hand, wipe the bamboo robe rack or the clothesline with the other, and then put it away by folding the robe over it, making the ends face the wall and the fold face out. When the student has gotten up, the preceptor should put away the seat and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. If the place is dirty, he should sweep it.” “If the student wants to bathe, the preceptor should prepare a bath. If he wants a cold bath, he should prepare that; if he wants a hot bath, he should prepare that. If the student wants to take a sauna, the preceptor should knead bath powder, moisten the clay, take a sauna bench, and go to the sauna. After giving his student the sauna bench, receiving his robe, and putting it aside, he should give him the bath powder and the clay.
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“Ayaṁ, āvuso, sabbo vihāro ahinā puṇṇo, vātapānehi bhogā nikkhantā”ti. Atha kho so nāgo tena saddena paṭibujjhitvā sake āsane nisīdi. Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu— “Ahaṁ, bhante, nāgo”ti. “Kissa pana tvaṁ, āvuso, evarūpaṁ akāsī”ti? Atha kho so nāgo bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā taṁ nāgaṁ etadavoca— “tumhe khottha nāgā aviruḷhidhammā imasmiṁ dhammavinaye. Gaccha tvaṁ, nāga, tattheva cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa uposathaṁ upavasa, evaṁ tvaṁ nāgayoniyā ca parimuccissasi, khippañca manussattaṁ paṭilabhissasī”ti.
And he told them what had seen. The dragon woke up from the noise and sat down on his seat. The monks asked him He replied, “I’m a dragon.” “Why did you do this?” The dragon told them what had happened, and they told the Buddha. He then had the Sangha of monks gathered and said to the dragon, “Dragons are unable to make progress on this spiritual path. Go, dragon, and keep the observance days of the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the eighth of the lunar half-month. In this way you’ll be released from existence as a dragon and quickly become human.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Kathaṁ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabban”ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. “Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho udāyissa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṁ detu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, dātabbo— Tena, bhikkhave, udāyinā bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo— ‘ahaṁ, bhante, ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ ekāhappaṭicchannaṁ. Sohaṁ, bhante, saṅghaṁ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṁ yācāmī’ti. Dutiyampi yācitabbo. Tatiyampi yācitabbo. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—
adding, “What should I do now?” They told the Buddha. “Well then, the Sangha should give the monk Udāyī probation for one day for one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. And it should be given like this. The monk Udāyī should approach the Sangha, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, pay respect at the feet of the senior monks, squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say: ‘Venerables, I’ve committed one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. I ask the Sangha for probation for one day for that offense.’ And he should ask a second and a third time. A competent and capable monk should then inform the Sangha:
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“dehi me, ayyaputta, uyyānaṁ ārāmaṁ kātun”ti. “Adeyyo, gahapati, ārāmo api koṭisantharenā”ti. “Gahito, ayyaputta, ārāmo”ti. “Na, gahapati, gahito ārāmo”ti. “Gahito na gahito”ti vohārike mahāmatte pucchiṁsu. “yato tayā, ayyaputta, aggho kato, gahito ārāmo”ti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati sakaṭehi hiraññaṁ nibbāhāpetvā jetavanaṁ koṭisantharaṁ santharāpesi. Sakiṁ nīhaṭaṁ hiraññaṁ thokassa okāsassa koṭṭhakasāmantā nappahoti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati manusse āṇāpesi— “gacchatha, bhaṇe, hiraññaṁ āharatha;
“Sir, please give me your park to set up a monastery.” “I wouldn’t give it away even if you covered the park with ten million gold coins.” “It’s a deal!” “No it isn’t!” They then asked judges to decide on the matter. “Sir, since you gave a price, the park is sold.” Anāthapiṇḍika then had gold coins brought out in carts and covered the Jeta Grove with ten million coins. After yet another load had been brought out, there was still a small area near the gatehouse that was not covered. Anāthapiṇḍika told his people, “Go and get more coins.
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Sace ussahati jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. Jantāgharaṁ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṁ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṁ pavisitabbaṁ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṁ, na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare saddhivihārikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṁ. Udakepi saddhivihārikassa parikammaṁ kātabbaṁ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṁ uttaritvā attano gattaṁ vodakaṁ katvā nivāsetvā saddhivihārikassa gattato udakaṁ pamajjitabbaṁ, nivāsanaṁ dātabbaṁ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṁ ādāya paṭhamataraṁ āgantvā āsanaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipitabbaṁ. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo. Yasmiṁ vihāre saddhivihāriko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṁ sodhentena paṭhamaṁ pattacīvaraṁ nīharitvā ekamantaṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ …pe…
If he’s able, he should enter the sauna. When entering the sauna, he should smear his face with clay, cover himself front and back, and then enter. He shouldn’t sit encroaching on the senior monks, or block the junior monks from getting a seat. While in the sauna, he should provide assistance to his student. When leaving the sauna, he should take the sauna bench, cover himself front and back, and then leave. The preceptor should also provide assistance to his student in the water. When the preceptor has bathed, he should be the first to come out. He should dry himself and put on his sarong. He should then wipe the water off his student’s body, and he should give him his sarong and then his upper robe. Taking the sauna bench, he should be the first to return. He should prepare a seat, and also set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He should ask his student if he wants water to drink.” “If the dwelling where the student is staying is dirty, the preceptor should clean it if he’s able. When he’s cleaning the dwelling, he should first take out the bowl and robe and put them aside. He should take out the sitting mat and the sheet and put them aside. He should take out the mattress and the pillow and put them aside. Holding the bed low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. Holding the bench low, he should carefully take it out without scratching it or knocking it against the door or the door frame, and he should put it aside. He should take out the bed supports and put them aside. He should take out the spittoon and put it aside. He should take out the leaning board and put it aside. After taking note of its position, he should take out the floor cover and put it aside. If the dwelling has cobwebs, he should first remove them from the ceiling cloth, and he should then wipe the windows and the corners of the room. If the walls have been treated with red ocher and they’re moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the walls. If the floor has been treated with a black finish and it’s moldy, he should moisten a cloth, wring it out, and wipe the floor. If the floor is untreated, he should sprinkle it with water and then sweep it, trying to avoid stirring up dust. He should look out for any trash and discard it.
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈,初学者には難しい
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Theravāda Vinayapiṭaka Cūḷavagga 22. Sattasatikakkhandhaka Tena kho pana samayena vassasataparinibbute bhagavati vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṁ dasa vatthūni dīpenti— kappati siṅgiloṇakappo, kappati dvaṅgulakappo, kappati gāmantarakappo, kappati āvāsakappo, kappati anumatikappo, kappati āciṇṇakappo, kappati amathitakappo, kappati jaḷogiṁ pātuṁ, kappati adasakaṁ nisīdanaṁ, kappati jātarūparajatanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vajjīsu cārikaṁ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ. Tena kho pana samayena vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tadahuposathe kaṁsapātiṁ udakena pūretvā majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa ṭhapetvā āgatāgate vesālike upāsake evaṁ vadanti— “dethāvuso, saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi. Bhavissati saṅghassa parikkhārena karaṇīyan”ti.
Theravāda Collection on Monastic Law The Small Division The chapter on the group of seven hundred One hundred years after the Buddha had attained final extinguishment, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī proclaimed ten practices as allowable: the salt-in-horn practice; the two-fingerbreadths practice; the next-village practice; the many-monasteries practice; the consent practice; customary practices; the unchurned practice; palm-juice drinking; sitting mats without borders; and gold, silver, and money. At that time Venerable Yasa of Kākaṇḍa was wandering in the Vajjian country, when he arrived at Vesālī. There he stayed in the hall with the peaked roof in the Great Wood. Soon afterwards, on the observance day, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī filled a bronze bowl with water and placed it in the midst of the Sangha of monks. Whenever a lay follower of Vesālī came, they said, “Please give a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> coin to the Sangha, or half a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāda</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i>. The Sangha needs requisites.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
imaṁ okāsaṁ santharissāmā”ti. Atha kho jetassa kumārassa etadahosi— “na kho idaṁ orakaṁ bhavissati, yathāyaṁ gahapati tāva bahuṁ hiraññaṁ pariccajatī”ti. Anāthapiṇḍikaṁ gahapatiṁ etadavoca— “alaṁ, gahapati; mā taṁ okāsaṁ santharāpesi. Dehi me etaṁ okāsaṁ. Mametaṁ dānaṁ bhavissatī”ti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati— ayaṁ kho jeto kumāro abhiññāto ñātamanusso;
We’ll cover this area too.” But Prince Jeta thought, “This must be really worthwhile, as he’s giving up so much money.” And he said to Anāthapiṇḍika, “That’s enough, householder, don’t cover that area. Let me keep it. It will be my gift.” Anāthapiṇḍika thought, “Prince Jeta is a well-known person.
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesālike upāsake etadavoca— “māvuso, adattha saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi. Na kappati samaṇānaṁ sakyaputtiyānaṁ jātarūparajataṁ; na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṁ; na paṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṁ; nikkhittamaṇisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā”ti. Evampi kho vesālikā upāsakā āyasmatā yasena kākaṇḍakaputtena vuccamānā adaṁsuyeva saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi. Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tassā rattiyā accayena taṁ hiraññaṁ bhikkhaggena paṭivīsaṁ ṭhapetvā bhājesuṁ. Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ yasaṁ kākaṇḍakaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ— “eso te, āvuso yasa, hiraññassa paṭivīso”ti.
But Yasa said to the lay followers, “Don’t give a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> to the Sangha, or half a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāda</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i>. Gold, silver, and money aren’t allowable for the Sakyan monastics. They neither accept nor receive gold, silver, or money. The Sakyan monastics have given up gems and gold, and live without gold, silver, and money.” But although Yasa said this, the lay followers continued to give money to the Sangha. The next morning the Vajjian monks distributed the money evenly. And they said to Yasa, “Here’s your share, Yasa.”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
老い
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Dutiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṁ vadāmi …pe…. Dinno saṅghena udāyissa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāso. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti. 1.4. Ekāhappaṭicchannamānatta So parivutthaparivāso bhikkhūnaṁ ārocesi— “ahaṁ, āvuso, ekaṁ āpattiṁ āpajjiṁ sañcetanikaṁ sukkavissaṭṭhiṁ ekāhappaṭicchannaṁ. Sohaṁ saṅghaṁ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhappaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṁ yāciṁ. Sohaṁ parivutthaparivāso.
Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up. For the second time, I speak on this matter. … For the third time, I speak on this matter. … The Sangha has given the monk Udāyī probation for one day for one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I’ll remember it thus.’” Trial periods for those with offenses concealed for one day When he had completed that probation, he told the monks, “I had committed one offense of intentional emission of semen, concealed for one day. I asked the Sangha to give me probation for one day for that offense, I’ve now completed it.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Satthavāha aṇaṇa vicara loke; Desassu bhagavā dhammaṁ, Aññātāro bhavissantī”ti. Evaṁ vutte, bhagavā brahmānaṁ sahampatiṁ etadavoca— Atha kho bhagavā brahmuno ca ajjhesanaṁ viditvā sattesu ca kāruññataṁ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṁ volokesi. Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṁ volokento satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṁ vā paduminiyaṁ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṁ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṁvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṁvaḍḍhāni samodakaṁ ṭhitāni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṁvaḍḍhāni udakaṁ accuggamma ṭhitāni anupalittāni udakena; disvāna brahmānaṁ sahampatiṁ gāthāya paccabhāsi— “Apārutā tesaṁ amatassa dvārā, Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṁ;
Leader of travelers, wander the world without obligation. Sir, proclaim the Teaching; There will be those who understand.” Twice the Buddha repeated to Sahampati what he had thought, and on both occasions Sahampati repeated his request. The Buddha understood the request of that supreme being. Then, with the eye of a Buddha, he surveyed the world out of compassion for sentient beings. He saw beings with little dust in their eyes and with much dust in their eyes, with sharp faculties and with dull faculties, with good qualities and with bad qualities, easy to teach and difficult to teach. He even saw some who regarded the next world as dangerous and to be avoided, while others did not. It was just like blue, red, and white lotuses, sprouted and grown in a lotus pond: some remain submerged in the water without rising out of it, others reach the surface of the water, while others still rise out of the water without being touched by it. When he had seen this, the Buddha replied to Sahampati in verse: “The doors to the freedom from death are open! May those who hear release their faith.
⚠ 希死念慮の場面では使わない,初学者には難しい
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“Mahallako, āvuso, vihāro; tumhepi vasatha, mayampi vasissāmā”ti. “Uṭṭhethāvuso, amhākaṁ vihāro pāpuṇātī”ti kupitā anattamanā gīvāyaṁ gahetvā nikkaḍḍhanti. Te nikkaḍḍhiyamānā rodanti. Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu— “Ime, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā amhe saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhantī”ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū kupitā anattamanā bhikkhū saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhissantī”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “saccaṁ kira, tumhe bhikkhave, kupitā anattamanā saṅghikā vihārā bhikkhū nikkaḍḍhathā”ti?
“The dwelling is large. You can stay here and so can we.” But they said, “Leave, this dwelling is ours,” and they grabbed them by the necks and threw them out in anger. The monks from the group of seventeen cried. When other monks asked them why, they told them what had happened. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, “How could the monks from the group of six angrily throw other monks out of a dwelling belonging to the Sangha?” They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that you did this?”
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈,初学者には難しい
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… vigarahitvā …pe… dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “na, bhikkhave, kupitena anattamanena bhikkhu saṅghikā vihārā nikkaḍḍhitabbo. Yo nikkaḍḍheyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, senāsanaṁ gāhetun”ti. 2.9. Senāsanaggāhāpakasammuti Atha kho bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi— “kena nu kho senāsanaṁ gāhetabban”ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…
“It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … and after giving a teaching, he addressed the monks: “You shouldn’t, in anger, throw a monk out of a dwelling belonging to the Sangha. If you do, you should be dealt with according to the rule. You should allocate the dwellings.” 17. The appointment of allocators of dwellings The monks thought, “Who should allocate the dwellings?” They told the Buddha, who then gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
⚠ 初手で出すと冷たく見える,出家者向けの文脈,初学者には難しい
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devehi tāvatiṁsehi saddhiṁ mantetvā; Idhāhaṁ, ānanda, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya addasaṁ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yāvatā, ānanda, ariyaṁ āyatanaṁ, yāvatā vaṇippatho, idaṁ agganagaraṁ bhavissati pāṭaliputtaṁ puṭabhedanaṁ. Pāṭaliputtassa kho, ānanda, tayo antarāyā bhavissanti— aggito vā udakato vā abbhantarato vā mithubhedā”ti. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu, sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. “adhivāsetu no bhavaṁ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā pakkamiṁsu. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocāpesuṁ—“kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti.
“They are building the fortress, Ānanda, as if they had consulted with the Tāvatiṁsa gods.” The Buddha told Ānanda what he had seen, adding, “As far, Ānanda, as the extent of the Indian realm, as far as the routes of commerce, Pāṭaliputta will be the chief city, the destination for merchandise. And there will be three dangers for Pāṭaliputta: fire, water, and internal dissent.” Sunidha and Vassakāra then went to the Buddha and exchanged pleasantries with him, “Please accept tomorrow’s meal from us together with the Sangha of monks.” The Buddha consented by remaining silent. Knowing that he had consented, they left. Having had various kinds of fine foods prepared, they had the Buddha informed that the meal was ready.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“pubbe khvāyaṁ, āvuso, āvāsiko bhikkhu nahāne ussukkaṁ akāsi, ussukkampi akāsi yāguyā khādanīye bhattasmiṁ. Sodānāyaṁ na ussukkaṁ karoti yāguyā khādanīye bhattasmiṁ. Duṭṭhodānāyaṁ, āvuso, āvāsiko bhikkhu. Handa mayaṁ, āvuso, āvāsikaṁ bhikkhuṁ ukkhipāmā”ti. Atha kho te āgantukā bhikkhū sannipatitvā kassapagottaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ— Āpattiṁ tvaṁ, āvuso, āpanno. Passasetaṁ āpattin”ti? “Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti, yamahaṁ passeyyan”ti. Atha kho te āgantukā bhikkhū kassapagottaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṁsu. Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno etadahosi—
“Previously this resident monk made sure we got a bath, and he helped us get congee, fresh foods, and meals. But now he’s stopped. He’s become hostile, this resident monk. Well then, let’s eject him.” Soon afterwards those newly-arrived monks gathered and confronted Kassapagotta with what had happened, adding, “You’ve committed an offense. Do you recognize it?” “No. I haven’t committed any offense that I should recognize.” Those newly-arrived monks then ejected Kassapagotta for not recognizing an offense. Kassapagotta thought,
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā kāyikaṁ sikkhassū’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘parisuddhavacīsamācāro nu khomhi, parisuddhenamhi vacīsamācārena samannāgato—acchiddena appaṭimaṁsena? Saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? acchiddena appaṭimaṁsena, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā vācasikaṁ sikkhassū’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘mettaṁ nu kho me cittaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ sabrahmacārīsu anāghātaṁ, saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? No ce, upāli, bhikkhuno mettacittaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ hoti sabrahmacārīsu anāghātaṁ, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā sabrahmacārīsu mettacittaṁ upaṭṭhāpehī’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ—
‘Please train your own bodily conduct first.’ He should reflect, ‘Is my verbal conduct pure and flawless? Is this quality found in me or not?’ there will be those who say, ‘Please train your own verbal conduct first.’ He should reflect, ‘Do I have a mind of good will toward my fellow monastics, a mind free from anger? Is this quality found in me or not?’ If it’s not, there will be those who say, ‘Please set up a mind of good will toward your fellow monastics first.’ He should reflect,
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, bhaddiya, araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṁ udānaṁ udānesi— ‘aho sukhaṁ, aho sukhan’”ti? “Evaṁ, bhante”ti. “Kiṁ pana tvaṁ, bhaddiya, atthavasaṁ sampassamāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṁ udānaṁ udānesi— “Pubbe me, bhante, rañño satopi antopi antepure rakkhā susaṁvihitā hoti, bahipi antepure rakkhā susaṁvihitā hoti, antopi nagare rakkhā susaṁvihitā hoti, bahipi nagare rakkhā susaṁvihitā hoti, antopi janapade rakkhā susaṁvihitā hoti, bahipi janapade rakkhā susaṁvihitā hoti. So kho ahaṁ, bhante, evaṁ rakkhitopi gopitopi santo bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto viharāmi. Etarahi kho pana ahaṁ eko, bhante, araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhīto anubbiggo anussaṅkī anutrasto appossukko pannalomo paradattavutto migabhūtena cetasā viharāmīti. Imaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhante, atthavasaṁ sampassamāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṁ udānaṁ udānemi— Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṁ viditvā tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi— “Yassantarato na santi kopā,
“Is it true, Bhaddiya, that when you’re in the wilderness, at the foot of a tree, or in an empty dwelling, you frequently utter this heartfelt exclamation: ‘Oh, what happiness! Oh, what happiness!’?” “Yes, venerable sir.” “But why do you say this?” “In the past, sir, when I was a king, I was well protected within and outside the royal compound, within and outside of town, and within and outside the country. But although I was protected and guarded in this way, I was fearful, agitated, and distrustful. But now, sir, when I’m in the wilderness, at the foot of a tree, or in an empty dwelling, I’m free from fear, agitation, and distrust. I’m free from bother, relaxed, living on what’s given by others, with a mind as free as a wild animal. That’s why I say this.” Seeing the significance of this, on that occasion the Buddha uttered a heartfelt exclamation: “They who have no anger within,
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Te pucchanti, pucchitvā abhivitaranti, abhivitaritvā pāṭekkaṁ pavārenti. Āpatti dukkaṭassa. Te pucchanti, pucchitvā abhivitaranti, abhivitaritvā ekato pavārenti. Anāpatti. 18. Nagantabbavāra Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā abhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā abhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā abhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā abhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā.
If they do ask the newly-arrived monks about it, and they change their view, but then do the invitation ceremony separately, there’s an offense of wrong conduct. If they do ask the newly-arrived monks about it, and they change their view, and then do the invitation ceremony together, there’s no offense.” 18. The section on “you shouldn’t go” “On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery with monks to a monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery with monks to a non-monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery with monks to a monastery or a non-monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a non-monastery with monks to a monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a non-monastery with monks to a non-monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a non-monastery with monks to a monastery or a non-monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā abhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā abhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko āvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko anāvāso gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā.
On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a non-monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a monastery or a non-monastery without monks, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery with monks to a monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery with monks to a non-monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery with monks to a monastery or a non-monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a non-monastery with monks to a monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a non-monastery with monks to a non-monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a non-monastery with monks to a monastery or a non-monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers. On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a non-monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers.
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
Na, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā gantabbo, yatthassu bhikkhū nānāsaṁvāsakā, aññatra saṅghena, aññatra antarāyā. 19. Gantabbavāra Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṁvāsakā, yaṁ jaññā ‘sakkomi ajjeva gantun’ti. Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā sabhikkhuko anāvāso …pe… sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṁvāsakā, yaṁ jaññā ‘sakkomi ajjeva gantun’ti. Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā anāvāsā sabhikkhuko āvāso …pe… sabhikkhuko anāvāso …pe… sabhikkhuko āvāso vā anāvāso vā, yatthassu bhikkhū samānasaṁvāsakā, yaṁ jaññā ‘sakkomi ajjeva gantun’ti. Gantabbo, bhikkhave, tadahu pavāraṇāya sabhikkhukā āvāsā vā anāvāsā vā sabhikkhuko āvāso …pe… sabhikkhuko anāvāso …pe…
On the invitation day you shouldn’t go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a monastery or a non-monastery with monks who belong to a different Buddhist sect, except if you go with a sangha or there are dangers.” 19. The section on “you may go” “On the invitation day you may go from a monastery with monks to a monastery with monks who belong to the same Buddhist sect if you know you’ll get there on the same day. On the invitation day you may go from a monastery with monks to a non-monastery with monks … to a monastery or a non-monastery with monks who belong to the same Buddhist sect if you know you’ll get there on the same day. On the invitation day you may go from a non-monastery with monks to a monastery with monks … to a non-monastery with monks … to a monastery or a non-monastery with monks who belong to the same Buddhist sect if you know you’ll get there on the same day. On the invitation day you may go from a monastery or a non-monastery with monks to a monastery with monks … to a non-monastery with monks …
⚠ 出家者向けの文脈
怒り
vinaya
趣旨一致
中
tatiyampi kho devadatto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— Ahaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ pariharissāmī”ti. “Sāriputtamoggallānānampi kho ahaṁ, devadatta, bhikkhusaṅghaṁ na nissajjeyyaṁ, kiṁ pana tuyhaṁ chavassa kheḷāsakassā”ti. Atha kho devadatto— sarājikāya maṁ bhagavā parisāya kheḷāsakavādena apasādeti, sāriputtamoggallāneva ukkaṁsatīti— kupito anattamano bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi. Ayañcarahi devadattassa bhagavati paṭhamo āghāto ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi— “tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho devadattassa rājagahe pakāsanīyaṁ kammaṁ karotu— ‘pubbe devadattassa aññā pakati ahosi, idāni aññā pakati.
He then said it a third time, and the Buddha replied: “I wouldn’t even hand the Sangha over to Sāriputta and Mogallāna, so why then to you, a wretched devourer of junk?” Devadatta thought, “The Buddha disparages me in front of a gathering that includes the king as a devourer of junk, while praising Sāriputta and Mogallāna,” and he bowed down in anger, circumambulated the Buddha with his right side toward him, and left. This was the first time Devadatta had ill will toward the Buddha. Soon afterwards the Buddha addressed the monks: “Well then, the Sangha should do a legal procedure for the purpose of making an announcement about Devadatta in Rājagaha like this: ‘Devadatta’s character has changed.
⚠ 自己責任論に誤解されやすい,出家者向けの文脈,初学者には難しい
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