If there are three monks on one side and four on the other, and an eighth makes the proclamation and distributes ballots, saying, ‘This is the Teaching, this is the Monastic Law, this is the Teacher’s instruction; take this, approve of this,’ then this is a fracture in the Sangha, but not a schism in the Sangha. But if there are four monks on one side and four on the other, and a ninth makes the proclamation and distributes ballots, saying, ‘This is the Teaching, this is the Monastic Law, this is the Teacher’s instruction; take this, approve of this,’ then this is both a fracture in the Sangha and also a schism in the Sangha. If there are nine or more monks, then this is both a fracture in the Sangha and also a schism in the Sangha. A nun cannot cause a schism in the Sangha, even if she makes an effort to do so. A trainee nun, a novice monk, a novice nun, a male lay follower, or a female lay follower cannot cause a schism in the Sangha, even if she makes an effort to do so. Only a monk of regular standing, one who belongs to the same Buddhist sect and is present within the same monastery zone, can cause a schism in the Sangha.”